Election Commission of Pakistan

الیکشن کمیشن پاکستان

پاکستان میں آزادانہ،منصفانہ اور غیر جانبدارانہ انتکے انعقاد کے لیے ایک الیکشن کمیشن قائم کیا گیا ہے ۔اس کمیشن کا سربراہ چیف الیکشن کمشنر ہوتاہے۔

تقرری ( Appintment)

خابات چیف الیکشن کمشنر کو صدر مقرر کرتاہے۔

اہلیت(Ability)
    چیف الیکشن کمشنر کے لیے ضروری ہے کہ وہ سپریم کورٹ یا ہائی کورٹ کا جج رہ چکا ہو یا پھر سپریم کورٹ کا جج بننے کی تمام شرائط پوری کرتا ہے۔

میعاد(Term)
  چیف الیکشن کمشنر کا تقرر تین سال کے لیے عمل میں لایا جاتا ہے۔ اس کی ملازمت میں توسیع کا اختیار قومی اسمبلی کے پاس ہےاور وہ بھی ایک سال تک ملازمت میں توسیع کرنے کی مجاز ہے۔
پرطرفی

(Termination)
چیف الیکشن کمشنر کی برطرفی بھی اسی طرح ممکن ہے جس طرح ایک عدالت عالیہ کے جج کو برطرف کیا جاتاہے ۔یعنی صدر اعلی عدالتی کونسل کی رپورٹ پر سنگین جرم کے باعث اس کی برطرف کر سکتا ہے۔چیف الیکشن کمشنر خود بھی اپنا استعفی صدر کو پیش کر سکتا ہے۔

پابندیاں(Impositions)
چیف الیکشن کمشنر پر کحچھ آئینی پابندیاں عائد ہوتی ہیں،
1۔وہ کسی منافع بخش عہدہ پر فائز نہ ہو۔
2۔عہدے کی مدت ختم ہونے کے بعد وہ دو سال تک کسی عہدے پر ملازمت نہیں کر سکتا،لیکن اگر وہ سابقہ جج ہو گا تو دوبارہ جج تعینات ہو سکے گا۔

ARTICLE IN URDU

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ORYA MAQBOL JAN

London & Cambridge
 Last summer, I went to England with my mother, while my wife and daughter were in China, visiting my wife’s parents.
 On June 22, we went to Boston, boarded our plane, and then waited for it to take off. It was supposed to take off at 8 p.m., but 8 p.m. came and went, and we were still on solid ground. After we had waited for almost an hour, the captain came on the intercom, and said, “I’m afraid we can’t take off. One of the passengers absolutely refuses to fly. [He said this in an angry tone.] We’re going to escort him off the plane, empty the plane completely, and search the plane.”
 We found out later that the passenger who refused to fly was an Arab; some people said he was a member of the Kuwaiti royal family. He said that he had spoken to his brother by cell phone, that his brother was sick, and that he didn’t want to travel. He asked to be let out of the plane, but had little interest in getting his luggage, fueling suspicion that he was engaged in some criminal activity — perhaps planting a bomb on the plane. At any rate, the airline didn’t want to take any chances, so the Arab was escorted off the plane, and then all of us passengers were disembarked. Rumors circulated about the Arab’s suspicious behavior, about his luggage being blown up by airport security (who didn’t want to search through it themselves), etc.
 We waited in the airport for hours, and finally were told that our flight was postponed until the next day, and that we would be taken to hotels for the night — the night, which by then was almost half over. We only slept for about three hours, then came back to the airport. When our plane was finally airborne, after a delay of 18 hours, the long-suffering herd of passengers broke into applause.
 Ah, the pleasures of plane travel! When I was standing in line recently at an airport, I heard the person behind me say, “every time I do this, I swear I won’t do it again.” My mother’s spirits were good, though; she was striking up conversations, exchanging rumors, making notes in her diary, etc. And some of these conversations were continued after we reached London; as we visited London’s attractions, we bumped into people who had been on our plane — as often happens, since tourists frequent the same places.
 We arrived in England in the wee hours of June 24, in what the poet called “the dead waste and middle of the night,” took a cab into London, and roused the concierge at our hotel. The concierge, far from pitying us for our sufferings, took us to task for interrupting his slumbers.
 Our hotel was located in the King’s Cross section of London, which is in the northern part of the city. It was a simple, no-frills hotel, in contrast to its grand name, “The Alhambra.” Our room was clean, and the ceiling was high, but it was cramped. I suspect that, at some point in the past, the owner of the hotel had decided that he could increase his profits if he divided each of his rooms into two rooms. Then he added a bathroom to each room, further reducing the amount of space per room.
 Perhaps the owner of the hotel is wondering (right now, even as we speak) how he can utilize the space that is “wasted” by the high ceiling; perhaps next year that space will be converted into another room, a room with a ceiling so low that the room can only be entered by someone who lies on his stomach, and wriggles like a snake. At the end of our trip, when we were staying in Bath, we had a room that was built in the old style: high ceilings, vast amounts of space, but no bathroom; you had to climb a flight of stairs to reach the bathroom.
 In the morning, we ate what is called an “English breakfast”: eggs, sausage, stewed tomatoes, and toast. The English are fond of potatoes, and at lunchtime, we often had a baked potato topped with baked beans or some other topping. We found that English pubs serve decent food at a reasonable price, unlike their American counterparts, which generally serve only drinks. The English are fond of “health food,” and the number of health food stores is a good indication of an area’s educational level.
 For an American, one of the most striking things about England is that it rains almost every day. The rain didn’t bother me much, but it does seem to bother the English, who long for blue skies and warm sunshine. The rain produces luxurious gardens, arranged in the untrammeled style for which English gardens are famous. My mother never tired of admiring these gardens. Grass is cut very short, so that lawns resemble putting greens on a golf course.

Global warming is just Gaia meeting her needs?

Consider an electric motor. When you connect more load to it, it draws more power. It always had that power available to draw, but it tapped into it only when needed. So the motor knows when its needs have increased and takes action to meet the increased need. Consider your computer and its power supply. The powers supply (SMPS) of my computer is rated 450 Watts. But that doesn't mean it forces 450 Watts into my computer all the time. My computer draws power from it, only as much as needed, and up to that rated limit of the power supply. When much hard disk input/output is happening, the drive draws more power. When much calculations are happening, processor draws more power. The computer and its sub parts know their needs and draw power to meet it. The picture at high level is the system draws in more power as its need increases. The exact mechanism may be slightly different for the motor and the computer, because they are different in their exact functioning too. But still, both are based on electromagnetic properties of materials. So when I make a broader generalization towards end of this post you might argue that I am making generalization out of a very specific situation of power consumption by devices running on electricity. Lets see a more complex system - You! When you take up exercising, your appetite increases. Your body knows it is using more, and so asks you to send in more. The mechanism here is all sorts of complex biological process. Or let us look at even higher level example. When you know you are spending more, or are going to spend more in cash, you draw more cash from ATM/Bank. And to go even further, suppose you feel your bank balance and current income isn't going to sustain your spending rate for too long, you try to increase your income! In short, every system that needs something, or uses something, has some mechanism to obtain it. And when system needs more, there are in-built abilities in that mechanism to try to obtain more. Now we come to the Earth. It gets energy from the Sun. We all agree on this. For millions of years, it was coolly collecting energy from the Sun and running its business normally. The CO2 in the atmosphere, was the indicator of energy consumption on Earth, mainly biological consumption. But then since the industrial revolution, we have started using energy at much higher rate. So CO2 has increased. So the Earth knows it needs more energy, so that the current levels of energy usage are sustainable. And this CO2 itself is its inbuilt mechanism for trapping more energy for use! Now, I have heard some accounts of scientists saying that global warming may actually increase the vegetation on Earth. That further indicates to me that this is a predesigned mechanism of the Gaia or Earth's intelligence. Because outside of the current massive human intervention, higher CO2 would have just meant there are more animals breathing out CO2. Which would mean the upper layers of food pyramid have grown, and so to make it all still sustainable, the base layer of food pyramid - vegetation, needs to be increased. So Global Warming is the correct 'solution' Earth/Gaia had figured out before us, to deal with increased CO2, or rather to compensate for what she thought the increased CO2 meant. However by producing CO2 through industry rather than increased biological respiration, we are messing with Gaia's mind. So increased vegetation through global warming is not going to solve the problem or compensate for it. Or maybe I am wrong. Gaia does actually know that this increased CO2 is due to increased non-biological energy needs of the latest kids on the block - humans. But since she hasn't much idea about the sudden new systems made by these humans, she doesn't know the exact systems that will compensate for it. But at high level, she is still providing a solution "Ok guys, so you need more energy? Ok abracadabra here is more!" And poof! Global Warming! But since it is us who figured out new ways to consume more energy, we ourselves need to figure out more ways to harness this extra energy trapped by global warming. My power supply can give power to the computer. But computer must know or figure out how to use it! In fact right now a hazy picture is forming in my mind. Maybe, we will figure out how to use the extra energy of global warming. And then we will invest a sophisticated control system for adjusting rates at which solar energy is trapped. Sustain the industry by the global warming energy most of the time, and when we progress and need more energy, burn some more fossil fuels! Of course I am assuming that the technique to harness 'global warming energy' will keep Earth temperature to normal livable levels by using the energy up. And since fossil fuels would need to be burnt only to get more global warming energy, we wont exhaust them!